How much water a drilled well yields depends on the type of bedrock, depth to groundwater, well depth, and the number of fractures (cracks) or permeable layers encountered during drilling. Drilled wells in Nova Scotia are typically less than about 90 m (300 feet) depth, but may be deeper in some areas. The casing prevents the borehole walls from collapsing and, along with a drive shoe or grout seal, helps prevent contaminants from entering the well. The upper part of the borehole is lined with casing, usually made of steel with a minimum six inch diameter. Drilled wells are installed by boring a hole into the aquifer with a drill rig. Water is drawn from bedrock aquifers with drilled wells. Other versions of map: large | very large detailed versionīedrock aquifers are the most commonly used aquifers in Nova Scotia. carbonate and evaporite rocks such as limestone and gypsum, which yield water mainly from fractures and cavities.įigure 1 (below) shows where these rock types are located in Nova Scotia.įigure 1: Groundwater Regions of Nova Scotia.sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale and conglomerate, which yield water from spaces between the grains and from fractures and.igneous and metamorphic rocks such as slate, quartzite and granite, which yield water mainly from fractures.The water table in Nova Scotia is usually found within about 5 m (15 feet) of ground surface, but can be deeper in areas with higher topography, such as the Cape Breton Highlands.īedrock aquifers generally consists of three main rock types: An aquifer is a water-bearing formation that will yield water in a usable quantity to a well. loose soil and rock located above the bedrock). In Nova Scotia, groundwater is found in bedrock aquifers and in overburden aquifers (i.e. Eventually, groundwater is either pumped out of the ground by a water well or it discharges to a surface water body.
It usually flows toward surface water bodies, travelling downslope from highland areas to lowland areas.
Typically, groundwater may travel between a few meters per year and 100's of metres per year. It is always moving underground, however, unlike surface water it moves very slowly. Groundwater is formed when rain or snowmelt seeps into the ground where it is stored in the pore spaces of soil or in the cracks or pores of rock. In addition, groundwater supplies are used by most of the small registered public water systems in Nova Scotia, which provide water to facilities such as rural schools, day cares, nursing homes, restaurants and campgrounds. Of the 82 municipal water supplies in Nova Scotia, approximately 34% obtain their water from groundwater sources and 12% use a combination of groundwater and surface water. Groundwater is an important source of water for private wells, public water supplies, agricultural supplies, industrial supplies and commercial supplies throughout the province.
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